Invasive ductal carcinoma Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Invasive ductal carcinoma - Research Paper Example A century and a half ago Rudolf Virchow’s seminal ideas linked inflammation with cancer; and opened avenues for comprehension of the scariest disease mankind continues to face. Virchow suggested the presence of â€Å"lymphoreticular infiltrate†, at the site of inflammation was indicative of cancer initiation. The researches in previous decade have offered support to the ideas of Virchow; that malignant tissues formed during cancers create an inflammatory microenvironment (Balkwill & Mantovani, 2001). Breast cancers arise from the epidermal lining of the terminal duct lobular unit. Cancerous cells either remain confined to the terminal duct lobular unit and the draining duct; or proliferate beyond the basement membrane to the adjacent tissue. While the former is referred to as in situ or non-invasive; the latter is called invasive or infiltrating carcinomas. A misnomer used in the classification of invasive carcinomas was ductal and lobular carcinomas; where the two were believed to arise from ducts and lobules respectively. It is now understood that both of these types of breast cancer have origin in the lobule. The invasive breast cancers are now classified on the basis of specific cellular growth patterns and morphology of cells. Breast cancers with distinct features are called invasive cancers of special type; and the rest referred to as of no special type (figure 1) (Sainsbury et al., 2000). Cancers of breasts are the most common affecting women, with 232,340 new cases of invasive breast cancers reported from USA alone (ACS, 2014). Survival rates for breast cancer for women in the age range of 50-69 years, for five years is estimated to be 80%, for younger women it is slightly lower (Coleman et al., 2004). It is the second most common cause of death in women (first in case of Hispanic women) in USA (CDC, 2013). 72-80% of the cases of breast cancer are those of Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The

Arts & Visual Literacy Exploring Visual Tactics and Strategies Assignment

Arts & Visual Literacy Exploring Visual Tactics and Strategies - Assignment Example The essay will relay more information on the visual literacy and some of the tactics used by Frida Kahlo as depicted in her portrait, â€Å"The Two Fridas†. The portrait is a full description of Frida’s two different personalities. On the right is the image of Frida holding an amulet, the amulet bears the image of Diego, her former husband. The image on the right portrays a Frida that was not only respected but also loved by Diego and the amulet having Diego’s image is evident how close they were while still couples (â€Å"Frida Kahlo Fans†). The image also Shows Frida wearing a Tehuana costume, this costume was always worn by native Mexican women and by wearing it, Frida portrayed her love for Diego who was a Mexican. Conversely, on the left is a very different Frida. Unlike the Frida on the right who is in love, the other Frida is in pain and anguish since she is no longer married. She is wearing a white Victorian wedding gown symbolizing she was once married and the wedding gown is the proof. Unlike the first Frida that was holding an amulet bearing Diego’s image, the Frida in white is holding surgical pincers. The amulet in Frida’s arms is the source of a vein that goes through the women’s hearts. The Frida in Tehuana costume is not bothered with the vein connecting her with Diego because she is in love; conversely, the rejected Frida has cut the vein linking her to Diego. Cutting the vein has caused bleeding and Frida is not able to stop it, this symbolizes that after the being divorced, she went through trauma to the extent that she felt like dying (â€Å"Frida Kahlo Fans†). The two Fridas hearts are exposed; the heart of Frida in love is whole whereas the divorced Frida has a broken heart. This is clear indication that Frida is in in agony after her lover left her and in the process left her heart incomplete with no one to